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The FreePBX web GUI can be used to view these log files – see Asterisk Logfiles
For more detailed log file analysis, the grep command line tool is helpful
Another tool helpful in call analysis are call display reports, especially clicking on a call's System Unique ID number to see the Call Event Log breakdown for that particular call – see CDR Reports Module
Configure log file history retention
Other log files to note
The system log file in /var/log/messages has TFTP server log information, which can be helpful troubleshooting phone configuration – see View TFTP requests from phones
The log file /var/spool/mail/asterisk logs e-mail sending activity
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